Journal of Nursing

Advances in biomarker and score combinations for predicting sepsis disease and prognosis

Min Zhang, JiaJia Du, GaoYing Li, HanYu Lei, ChunYan Zhao*

Abstract


Sepsis-related research has progressed considerably with more than 250 biomarkers have been identified in the field, but none of
the tests are sensitive or specific enough to diagnose sepsis alone. The ideal biomarker for the diagnosis and prognostic stratification of patients with sepsis remains unidentified. The combination of clinical scores and biomarkers can improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy
in sepsis, so finding the ideal combination is critical. The aim of this review is to sort out the different combinations of sepsis biomarkers and
clinical scores in the current literature in order to find the ideal combination that can effectively predict the condition and prognosis, and provide a scientific reference to reduce the mortality of patients with enhanced quality of survival and improved clinical management outcomes.

Keywords


Sepsis; Biomarkers; Score

Full Text:

PDF

Included Database


References


[1] Bauer M , Gerlach H , Vogelmann T ,et al.Mortality in sepsis and septic shock in Europe, North America and Australia between

2009 and 2019— results from a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Critical Care, 2020, 24.

[2] Narasimhan K, D’Acunto K. Can biomarkers help identify sepsis in adults?[J]. JAAPA. 2024,37(1):17-21.

[3] Kempker JA, Martin GS. The Changing Epidemiology and Definitions of Sepsis[J]. Clin Chest Med. 2016,(2):165-79.

[4] Buchman TG, Simpson SQ, Sciarretta KL, et al. Sepsis Among Medicare Beneficiaries: 3. The Methods, Models, and Forecasts of

Sepsis, 2012-2018[J]. Crit Care Med. 2020,48(3):302-318.

[5] Chavan S .Sepsis Among Medicare Beneficiaries: 1. The Burdens of Sepsis, 2012–2018[J].Critical Care Medicine, 2020, 48(3).

[6] Fleischmann C, Scherag A, Adhikari NK, et al. International Forum of Acute Care Trialists. Assessment of Global Incidence and

Mortality of Hospital-treated Sepsis[J]. Current Estimates and Limitations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016,193(3):259-72.

[7] Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)[J]. JAMA. 2016,315(8):801-10.

[8] Vincent JL, Jones G, David S, et al. Frequency and mortality of septic shock in Europe and North America: a systematic review

and meta-analysis[J]. Crit Care. 2019,23(1):196.

[9] Levy MM, Evans LE, Rhodes A. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Bundle: 2018 Update[J]. Crit Care Med. 2018,(6):997-1000.

[10] Zhong Ming,Qu Hongping. Shanghai expert consensus on sepsis screening in general hospitalized patients (2023 edition)[J].

Shanghai Medicine, 2023, 46 (12): 795-805.

[11] FAN Liu-Ru,LI Jin-Lan,LI Shin-Yan. Progress of sepsis biomarkers [J]. China Emergency Medicine, 2022, 42 (07): 620-624.

[12] Churpek MM, Snyder A, Han X, et al. Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, and Early Warning Scores for Detecting Clinical Deterioration in Infected Patients outside the Intensive Care Unit[J]. Am J Respir

Crit Care Med. 2017,195(7):906-911.

[13] Spoto S, Bustos C, Angeletti S. Editorial: Diagnostic accuracy of sepsis: clinical scores combination and serum biomarkers for

rapid diagnosis and prognosis[J]. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023,10:1252213.

[14] Raveendran AV, Kumar A, Gangadharan S. Biomarkers and newer laboratory investigations in the diagnosis of sepsis[J]. J R Coll

Physicians Edinb. 2019,49(3):207-216.

[15] Assicot M, Gendrel D, Carsin H, et al. High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patients with sepsis and infection[J]. Lancet,

1993, 341(8844): 515-518.

[16] Bassetti M, Russo A, Righi E, et al. Role of procalcitonin in bacteremic patients and its potential use in predicting infection etiology[J].Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2019,17(2):99-105.

[17] Rhee C, Filbin MR. Can Procalcitonin and Other Biomarkers Help Rapidly Identify Sepsis Among Undifferentiated High-Risk

Patients in the Emergency Department?[J]. Crit Care Med. 2024,52(6):979-982.

[18] Tan M , Lu Y , Jiang H ,et al.The diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein for sepsis: A systematic review and

meta-analysis[J].Journal of cellular biochemistry, 2019, 120(4):5852-5859.

[19] Zaki HA, Bensliman S, Bashir K, et al. Accuracy of procalcitonin for diagnosing sepsis in adult patients admitted to the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Syst Rev. 2024,13(1):37. Published 2024 Jan 22.

[20] Mihajlovic D, Brkic S, Uvelin A,et al. Use of presepsin and procalcitonin for prediction of SeptiFast results in critically ill patients[J]. J Crit Care. 2017,40:197–201.

[21] Bolanaki M, Winning J, Slagman A, et al. Biomarkers Improve Diagnostics of Sepsis in Adult Patients With Suspected Organ

Dysfunction Based on the Quick Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) Score in the Emergency Department[J]. Crit Care Med.

2024,52(6):887-899.

[22] Leli C, Ferranti M, Marrano U, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of presepsin (sCD14-ST) and procalcitonin for prediction of bacteraemia and bacterial DNAaemia in patients with suspected sepsis[J]. J Med Microbiol. 2016,65(8):713-719.

[23] WANG Jia,ZHANG Hongyu. Alterations and clinical significance of calcitoninogen and blood lactate levels in patients with sepsis

[J]. Journal of Practical Hospital Clinics, 2016, 13 (04): 143-145.

[24] JF Zhang,XL Gu,B Li,et al. The value of blood lactate combined with qSOFA score for early screening and diagnosis of sepsis [J].

Journal of Clinical Emergency Medicine, 2021, 22 (05): 344-347.

[25] Gong Mei. Analysis of the clinical significance of calcitoninogen and lactate levels in sepsis [J]. World Digest of Latest Medical

Information, 2016, 16 (58): 246-247.

[26] WANG Jiao,LIU Xueyan,WANG Li. Clinical significance of calcitoninogen and lactate levels in sepsis [J]. Chinese and Foreign

Medicine, 2015, 34 (03): 177-178.

[27] Ma HS,Liu HS,Wu CY,et al.Diagnostic value of serum hep arin binding protein, blood lactic acid combined with hs-CRP in sepsis

and its relationship with prognosis[J].Evid Based Com plementary Altern Med,2021,2021:1-6.

[28] Alam A,Gupta S.Lactate measurements and their association with mortality in pediatric severe sepsis in India: evidence that 6-hour

level performs best [J].J Intensive Care Med,2021,36(4): 443-450.

[29] WANG Liping, LING Ge, YANG Ke. Clinical significance of blood lactate dynamic monitoring for sepsis prognosis evaluation[J].

Xinjiang Medicine,2015,(9):1275-1277.

[30] RUDD K E,JOHNSON S C,AGESA K M,et al. Global, regional,and national sepsis incidence and mortality,1990-2017:analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study[J]. Lancet,2020,395(10219):200-211.

[31] JEROME E,MCPHAIL M J,MENON K. Diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin and interleukin-6 for postoper⁃ ative infection

in major gastrointestinal surgery:a sys⁃ tematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Ann R Coll Surg Engl,2022,104(8):561-570.

[32] MOLANO FRANCO D, AREVALO-RODRIGUEZ I, ROQUÉ I FIGULS M,et al. Plasma interleukin-6 con⁃ centration for the

diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill adults[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2019,4(4): CD011811.

[33] MCELVANEY O J,CURLEY G F,ROSE-JOHN S,et al. Interleukin-6:obstacles to targeting a complex cyto⁃ kine in critical

illness[J]. Lancet Respir Med,2021,9 (6):643-654.

[34] Yang Z. Early diagnostic value of serum PCT, IL-6 and CRP in sepsis[J]. Trace Elements and Health Research,2020,37(4):28-29.

[35] Ling H , Chen M , Dai J J ,et al.Evaluation of qSOFA combined with inflammatory mediators for diagnosing sepsis and predicting

mortality among emergency department[J].Clinica chimica acta: International journal of clinical chemistry and applied molecular biology,

2023,544.

[36] MCELVANEY O J,CURLEY G F,ROSE-JOHN S,et al. Interleukin-6:obstacles to targeting a complex cyto⁃ kine in critical

illness[J]. Lancet Respir Med,2021,9 (6):643-654.

[37] Eichberger J, Resch E, Resch B. Reliability of IL-6 Alone and in Combination for Diagnosis of Late Onset Sepsis: A Systematic

Review[J]. Children (Basel). 2024 ,11(4):486.

[38] Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3)

[J]. JAMA, 2016, 315(8): 801-810.

[39] Churpek MM, Snyder A, Han X, et al. Quick Sepsis-related organ failure assessment, systemic inflammatory response syndrome,

and early warning scores for detecting clinical deterioration in infected patients outside the intensive care unit[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,

2017,195(7):906.

[40] Kilinc Toker A, Kose S, Turken M. Comparison of SOFA score, SIRS, qSOFA, and qSOFA + L criteria in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis[J]. Eurasian J Med, 2021, 53(1): 40-47.

[41] Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3)

[J]. JAMA, 2016, 315(8): 801-810.

[42] Brunetti E, Isaia G, Rinaldi G, et al. Comparison of diagnostic accuracies of qSOFA, NEWS, and MEWS to identify sepsis in older inpatients with suspected infection[J]. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2022, 23(5): 865-871.e2.

[43] Serafim R, Gomes JA, Salluh J, et al. A comparison of the quickSOFA and systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria for

the diagnosis of sepsis and prediction of mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Chest, 2018, 153(3): 646-655.

[44] Li YL, Yan CJ, Gan ZY, et al. Prognostic values of SOFA score, qSOFA score, and LODS score for patients with sepsis[J]. Ann

Palliat Med, 2020, 9(3): 1037-1044.

[45] Knaus WA, Zimmerman JE, Wagner DP, et al. APACHE-acute physiology and chronic health evaluation: a physiologically based

classification system[J]. Crit Care Med, 1981, 9(8): 591597.

[46] Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, et al. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system[J]. Crit Care Med, 1985,13(10):

818-829.

[47] Beger HG, Isenmann R. Diagnosis objective assessment of severity, and management of acute pancreatitis. Santorini Consensus

Conference[J]. Int J Pancreatol, 1999,26(1): 1-2.

[48] Li W, Wang MP, Zhu B, et al. Prediction of Median survival time in sepsis patients by the SOFA score combined with different

predictors[J]. Burns Trauma, 2020, 8: tkz006.

[49] Wang JY, Wang HW, Liu WX, et al. Assessment values of procalcitonin, lactic acid, and disease severity scores in patients with

sepsis[J]. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue, 2019, 31(8): 938-941.

[50] H.Z. Wu. Calcitoninogen, lactate and APACHE II score to assess sepsis condition and predict prognosis [D]. Guilin Medical College, 2022.

[51] LIU Bing-Wei, XU Yan-Ping, XI Shao-Song, et al. Clinical assessment of sepsis patients’ condition and prognosis by SOFA score

and PCT [J]. Chinese Family Medicine, 2021, 19 (03): 391-393.

[52] Su ZQ. Clinical value of SOFA score combined with PCT and CRP for early diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis [J]. Medical Theory and Practice, 2023, 36 (21): 3716-3718.

[53] Ling H , Chen M , Dai J J ,et al.Evaluation of qSOFA combined with inflammatory mediators for diagnosing sepsis and predicting

mortality among emergency department[J].Clinica chimica acta: International journal of clinical chemistry and applied molecular biology,

2023,544.

[54] Slagman A .Diagnostic Performance of Procalcitonin for the Early Identification of Sepsis in Patients with Elevated qSOFA Score

at Emergency Admission[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2021, 10.

[55] Yu H , Nie L , Liu A ,et al.Combining procalcitonin with the qSOFA and sepsis mortality prediction[J].Medicine, 2019,

98(23):e15981.

[56] Zang X, Zhang Yuexin, Li Chunjuan. Investigation and analysis of blood lactate level combined with qSOFA score on the prognosis of sepsis patients [J]. China Medical Engineering, 2023, 31 (05): 115-118.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/nursing.v13i4.368

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Min Zhang,JiaJia Du,GaoYing Li,HanYu Lei,ChunYan Zhao*